# Serving military-affiliated students

We support the educational goals of military service members, veterans, reserves, military spouses and dependents.

## Helping you make informed decisions

Active service members are directed to follow the process below, while veterans and others can explore on their own. 

### Talk

Talk with your ESO about your education opportunities  
 

### Explore

Explore tuition rates applicable to military personal 

[View tuition rates](#tuitionrates)
### Discover

Discover how to get credit for prior education and life experiences 

[Learn more](#credit)[Are you an eligible active-duty military spouse?](/military/active-duty-spouse-benefits.html)
## Education designed with your military background in mind

4,600  
military-affiliated graduates in 2024  
 

283,900  
military-affiliated graduates 

((edu.facultyExperience))  
years of faculty experience, on average.

45+  
**years accredited **by the Higher Learning Commission

24/7/365  
Attend class online when it fits your schedule, day or night.

300  
**staff & faculty with military backgrounds**with an avg. of 10 yrs. working at the University

## Centers to support different branches of service

Active and Reserve military members and their families are directed to speak with their assigned educational services officer (ESO) or approved installation staff prior to enrolling.[[1]](#esodisclaimer)

- [Army](https://armyignited.army.mil/student/public/welcome) | Helping those in the Army make education decisions.

- [Navy College](http://www.navycollege.navy.mil/contact.htm) | Helping Sailors and Marines navigate their education journey.

- [Air Force](https://www.myairforcebenefits.us.af.mil/Benefit-Library/Resource-Locator) | Helping Air Force and Space Force members understand their education options.

- [United States Coast Guard](http://www.forcecom.uscg.mil/Our-Organization/FORCECOM-UNITS/ETQC/Voluntary-Education/Education-Service-Officers/) | Helping Coast Guard members with education.  

_[1]Please visit the education office on your assigned military installation for your respective branch. National Guard and Reserve components who do not have an ESO on their installation can contact their regional office for support._

TUITION RATES

## Use your military benefits towards tuition

Your G.I. Bill® education benefits helps pay for school. We also waive resource fees for qualifying service member undergraduate students to reduce or eliminate out-of-pocket costs.

GI Bill® is a registered trademark of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). More information about education benefits offered by VA is available at the official U.S. government Web site at [https://www.benefits.va.gov/gibill](https://benefits.va.gov/gibill/).

1. Service Members
2. Veterans
Service MembersExpand AllCollapse All
### Undergraduate Certificates, Associate and Bachelor’s

**$750**  
Tuition cost per course1

**$170**  
Resource fee2

Waivers are available for eligible individuals. If eligible, resource fees cost $0. See waiver eligibility below.3

**$920**  
Total cost per course4

**$7,360**  
Estimated total cost per academic year5

1. Tuition cost per course is based on a tuition rate of $250 per credit hour multiplied by the number of credit hours per course. Courses are typically 3 credits but can range from 1-6 credits. Costs do not include savings opportunities like transfer credits and scholarships.

2. Resource fees encompass course textbooks and electronic materials, the University library, eBook collection, math labs, programming software, and the Centers for Math and Writing Excellence.

3. Upon confirmation of eligibility, undergraduate students using Department of Defense military Tuition Assistance (TA) benefits for a course will not be charged a resource fee. Courses taken prior to 4/27/2020 are not eligible for the waiver. In limited circumstances, some undergraduate courses may require an additional textbook that is not covered by the Resource Fee.[See a full listing of these University courses](/online-courses/materials.html).

4. Total cost per course is the tuition cost per course plus the Resource Fee.

5. The academic year begins with the first eligible course of a degree program and ends when a student successfully completes the credits (24 credits) and weeks of instructional time requirements. A full listing of the University’s programmatic academic year definitions can be found in the[Consumer Information Guide](https://www.phoenix.edu/content/dam/edu/about/doc/consumer-information-guide.pdf). Note also that University of Phoenix does not have institutional charges related to room and board.

### RN to Bachelor of Science in Nursing – Competency-Based CBE

**$750**  
Tuition cost per course1

**$0**  
Resource fee2

**$750**  
Total cost per course3

**$6,000**  
Estimated total cost per academic year4

1. Cost per course includes tuition,  based on number of credit hours per course. Courses are typically 3 credits but can range from 1-6 credits and a Resource Fee of $170. Costs do not include savings opportunities like transfer credits and scholarships.

2. Resource fees encompass course textbooks and electronic materials, the University library, eBook collection, math labs, programming software, and the Centers for Math and Writing Excellence.

3. Total cost per course is the tuition cost per course plus the Resource Fee.

4. The academic year begins with the first eligible course of a degree program and ends when a student successfully completes the credits (24 credits) and weeks of instructional time requirements. A full listing of the University’s programmatic academic year definitions can be found in the[Consumer Information Guide](https://www.phoenix.edu/content/dam/edu/about/doc/consumer-information-guide.pdf). Note also that University of Phoenix does not have institutional charges related to room and board.

### Graduate Education and Nursing Certificates

**$1,425**  
Tuition cost per course1

**$195**  
Resource fee2

**$1,620**  
Total cost per course3

**$12,960**  
Estimated total cost per academic year4

NOTE: The University's graduate nursing certificates are not currently enrolling new students.

1. Tuition cost per course is based on a tuition rate of $475 per credit hour multiplied by the number of credit hours per course. Courses are typically 3 credits but can range from 1-6 credits. Costs do not include savings opportunities like transfer credits and scholarships.

2. Resource fees encompass course textbooks and electronic materials, the University library, eBook collection, math labs, programming software, and the Centers for Math and Writing Excellence.

3. Total cost per course is the tuition cost per course plus the Resource Fee.

4. The academic year begins with the first eligible course of a degree program and ends when a student successfully completes the credits (24 credits) and weeks of instructional time requirements. A full listing of the University’s programmatic academic year definitions can be found in the[Consumer Information Guide](https://www.phoenix.edu/content/dam/edu/about/doc/consumer-information-guide.pdf). Note also that University of Phoenix does not have institutional charges related to room and board.

### Graduate Health Professions Certificates

**$1,725**  
Tuition cost per course1

**$195**  
Resource fee2

**$1,920**  
Total cost per course3

**$15,360**  
Estimated total cost per academic year4

1. Tuition cost per course is based on a tuition rate of $575 per credit hour multiplied by the number of credit hours per course. Courses are typically 3 credits but can range from 1-6 credits. Costs do not include savings opportunities like transfer credits and scholarships.

2. Resource fees encompass course textbooks and electronic materials, the University library, eBook collection, math labs, programming software, and the Centers for Math and Writing Excellence.

3. Total cost per course is the tuition cost per course plus the Resource Fee.

4. The academic year begins with the first eligible course of a degree program and ends when a student successfully completes the credits (24 credits) and weeks of instructional time requirements. A full listing of the University’s programmatic academic year definitions can be found  in the[Consumer Information Guide](https://www.phoenix.edu/content/dam/edu/about/doc/consumer-information-guide.pdf). Note also that University of Phoenix does not have institutional charges related to room and board.

### Master of Arts in Education

**$1,425**  
Tuition cost per course1

**$195**  
Resource fee2

**$1,620**  
Total cost per course3

**$12,960**  
Estimated total cost per academic year4

1. Tuition cost per course is based on a tuition rate of $475 per credit hour multiplied by the number of credit hours per course. Courses are typically 3 credits but can range from 1-6 credits. Costs do not include savings opportunities like transfer credits and scholarships.

2. Resource fees encompass course textbooks and electronic materials, the University library, eBook collection, math labs, programming software, and the Centers for Math and Writing Excellence.

3. Total cost per course is the tuition cost per course plus the Resource Fee.

4. The academic year begins with the first eligible course of a degree program and ends when a student successfully completes the credits (24 credits) and weeks of instructional time requirements. A full listing of the University’s programmatic academic year definitions can be found  in the[Consumer Information Guide](https://www.phoenix.edu/content/dam/edu/about/doc/consumer-information-guide.pdf). Note also that University of Phoenix does not have institutional charges related to room and board.

### Master of Science in Counseling

**$1,650**  
Tuition cost per course1

**$195**  
Resource fee2

**$1,845**  
Total cost per course3

**$14,760**  
Estimated total cost per academic year4

1. Tuition cost per course is based on a tuition rate of $550 per credit hour multiplied by the number of credit hours per course. Courses are typically 3 credits but can range from 1-6 credits. Costs do not include savings opportunities like transfer credits and scholarships.

2. Resource fees encompass course textbooks and electronic materials, the University library, eBook collection, math labs, programming software, and the Centers for Math and Writing Excellence.

3. Total cost per course is the tuition cost per course plus the Resource Fee.

4. The academic year begins with the first eligible course of a degree program and ends when a student successfully completes the credits (24 credits) and weeks of instructional time requirements. A full listing of the University’s programmatic academic year definitions can be found  in the[Consumer Information Guide](https://www.phoenix.edu/content/dam/edu/about/doc/consumer-information-guide.pdf). Note also that University of Phoenix does not have institutional charges related to room and board.

### Master of Science Nursing

**$1,425**  
Tuition cost per course1

**$195**  
Resource fee2

**$1,620**  
Total cost per course3

**$12,960**  
Estimated total cost per academic year4

1. Tuition cost per course is based on a tuition rate of $475 per credit hour multiplied by the number of credit hours per course. Courses are typically 3 credits but can range from 1-6 credits. Costs do not include savings opportunities like transfer credits and scholarships.

2. Resource fees encompass course textbooks and electronic materials, the University library, eBook collection, math labs, programming software, and the Centers for Math and Writing Excellence.

3. Total cost per course is the tuition cost per course plus the Resource Fee.

4. The academic year begins with the first eligible course of a degree program and ends when a student successfully completes the credits (24 credits) and weeks of instructional time requirements. A full listing of the University’s programmatic academic year definitions can be found  in the[Consumer Information Guide](https://www.phoenix.edu/content/dam/edu/about/doc/consumer-information-guide.pdf). Note also that University of Phoenix does not have institutional charges related to room and board.

### Master's Degree Programs - Competency-Based CBE

**$900**  
Tuition cost per course1

**$0**  
Resource fee2

**$900**  
Total cost per course3

**$7,200**  
Estimated total cost per academic year4

1. Tuition cost per course is based on a tuition rate of $300 per credit hour multiplied by the number of credit hours per course. Courses are typically 3 credits but can range from 1-6 credits. Costs do not include savings opportunities like transfer credits and scholarships.

2. Resource fees encompass course textbooks and electronic materials, the University library, eBook collection, math labs, programming software, and the Centers for Math and Writing Excellence.

3. Total cost per course is the tuition cost per course plus the Resource Fee.

4. The academic year begins with the first eligible course of a degree program and ends when a student successfully completes the credits (24 credits) and weeks of instructional time requirements. A full listing of the University’s programmatic academic year definitions can be found in the[Consumer Information Guide](/content/dam/edu/about/doc/consumer-information-guide.pdf). Note also that University of Phoenix does not have institutional charges related to room and board.

### All Other Master's Programs

**Campus**

**$1,425**  
Tuition cost per course1

**$195**  
Resource fee2

**$1,620**  
Total cost per course3

**$12,960**  
Estimated total cost per academic year4

**Online**

**$1,725**  
Tuition cost per course1

**$195**  
Resource fee2

**$1,920**  
Total cost per course3

**$15,360**  
Estimated total cost per academic year4

1. Tuition cost per course is based on a tuition rate of $475 per credit hour multiplied by the number of credit hours per course on campus and $575 per course online. Courses are typically 3 credits but can range from 1-6 credits. Costs do not include savings opportunities like transfer credits and scholarships.

2. Resource fees encompass course textbooks and electronic materials, the University library, eBook collection, math labs, programming software, and the Centers for Math and Writing Excellence.

3. Total cost per course is the tuition cost per course plus the Resource Fee.

4. The academic year begins with the first eligible course of a degree program and ends when a student successfully completes the credits (24 credits) and weeks of instructional time requirements. A full listing of the University’s programmatic academic year definitions can be found in the[Consumer Information Guide](https://www.phoenix.edu/content/dam/edu/about/doc/consumer-information-guide.pdf). Note also that University of Phoenix does not have institutional charges related to room and board.

### Doctoral

**$1,950**  
Tuition cost per course1

**$205**  
Resource fee2

**$2,155**  
Total cost per course3

**$17,240**  
Estimated total cost per academic year4

1. Tuition cost per course is based on a tuition rate of $650 per credit hour multiplied by the number of credit hours per course. Courses are typically 3 credits but can range from 1-6 credits. Costs do not include savings opportunities like transfer credits and scholarships.

2. Resource fees encompass course textbooks and electronic materials, the University library, eBook collection, math labs, programming software, and the Centers for Math and Writing Excellence.

3. Total cost per course is the tuition cost per course plus the Resource Fee.

4. The academic year begins with the first eligible course of a degree program and ends when a student successfully completes the credits (24 credits) and weeks of instructional time requirements. A full listing of the University’s programmatic academic year definitions can be found in the[Consumer Information Guide](https://www.phoenix.edu/content/dam/edu/about/doc/consumer-information-guide.pdf). Note also that University of Phoenix does not have institutional charges related to room and board.

VeteransExpand AllCollapse All
### Associate and Bachelor’s

**$1,194**  
Tuition cost per course1

**$170**  
Resource fee2

Waivers are available for eligible individuals. If eligible, resource fees cost $0. See waiver eligibility below.3

**$1,364**  
Total cost per course4

**$10,912**  
Estimated total cost per academic year5

1. Tuition cost per course is based on a tuition rate of $398 per credit hour multiplied by the number of credit hours per course. Courses are typically 3 credits but can range from 1-6 credits. Costs do not include savings opportunities like transfer credits and scholarships.

2. Resource fees encompass course textbooks and electronic materials, the University library, eBook collection, math labs, programming software, and the Centers for Math and Writing Excellence.

3. Upon confirmation of eligibility, undergraduate students using Department of Defense military Tuition Assistance (TA) benefits for a course will not be charged a resource fee. Courses taken prior to 4/27/2020 are not eligible for the waiver. In limited circumstances, some undergraduate courses may require an additional textbook that is not covered by the Resource Fee.[See a full listing of these University courses](/online-courses/materials.html).

4. Total cost per course is the tuition cost per course plus the Resource Fee.

5. The academic year begins with the first eligible course of a degree program and ends when a student successfully completes the credits (24 credits) and weeks of instructional time requirements. A full listing of the University’s programmatic academic year definitions can be found in the[Consumer Information Guide](https://www.phoenix.edu/content/dam/edu/about/doc/consumer-information-guide.pdf). Note also that University of Phoenix does not have institutional charges related to room and board.

### RN to Bachelor of Science in Nursing – Competency-Based CBE

**$900**  
Tuition cost per course1

**$0**  
Resource fee2

**$900**  
Total cost per course3

**$7,200**  
Estimated total cost per academic year4

1. Tuition cost per course is based on a tuition rate of $300 per credit hour multiplied by the number of credit hours per course. Courses are typically 3 credits but can range from 1-6 credits. Costs do not include savings opportunities like transfer credits and scholarships.

2. Resource fees encompass course textbooks and electronic materials, the University library, eBook collection, math labs, programming software, and the Centers for Math and Writing Excellence.

3. Total cost per course is the tuition cost per course plus the Resource Fee.

4. The academic year begins with the first eligible course of a degree program and ends when a student successfully completes the credits (24 credits) and weeks of instructional time requirements. A full listing of the University’s programmatic academic year definitions can be found in the[Consumer Information Guide](https://www.phoenix.edu/content/dam/edu/about/doc/consumer-information-guide.pdf). Note also that University of Phoenix does not have institutional charges related to room and board.

### Master of Science Nursing & Master of Arts in Education

**$1,630**  
Tuition cost per course1

**$195**  
Resource fee2

**$1,815**  
Total cost per course3

**$14,520**  
Estimated total cost per academic year4

1. Tuition cost per course is based on a tuition rate of $540 per credit hour multiplied by the number of credit hours per course. Courses are typically 3 credits but can range from 1-6 credits. Costs do not include savings opportunities like transfer credits and scholarships.

2. Resource fees encompass course textbooks and electronic materials, the University library, eBook collection, math labs, programming software, and the Centers for Math and Writing Excellence.

3. Total cost per course is the tuition cost per course plus the Resource Fee.

4. The academic year begins with the first eligible course of a degree program and ends when a student successfully completes the credits (24 credits) and weeks of instructional time requirements. A full listing of the University’s programmatic academic year definitions can be found in the[Consumer Information Guide](https://www.phoenix.edu/content/dam/edu/about/doc/consumer-information-guide.pdf). Note also that University of Phoenix does not have institutional charges related to room and board.

### Master's Degree Programs - Competency-Based CBE

**$900**  
Tuition cost per course1

**$0**  
Resource fee2

**$900**  
Total cost per course3

**$7,200**  
Estimated total cost per academic year4

1. Tuition cost per course is based on a tuition rate of $300 per credit hour multiplied by the number of credit hours per course. Courses are typically 3 credits but can range from 1-6 credits. Costs do not include savings opportunities like transfer credits and scholarships.

2. Resource fees encompass course textbooks and electronic materials, the University library, eBook collection, math labs, programming software, and the Centers for Math and Writing Excellence.

3. Total cost per course is the tuition cost per course plus the Resource Fee.

4. The academic year begins with the first eligible course of a degree program and ends when a student successfully completes the credits (24 credits) and weeks of instructional time requirements. A full listing of the University’s programmatic academic year definitions can be found in the[Consumer Information Guide](https://www.phoenix.edu/content/dam/edu/about/doc/consumer-information-guide.pdf). Note also that University of Phoenix does not have institutional charges related to room and board.

### All Other Master's Programs

**$2,094**  
Tuition cost per course1

**$195**  
Resource fee2

**$2,289**  
Total cost per course3

**$18,312**  
Estimated total cost per academic year4

1. Tuition cost per course is based on a tuition rate of $698 per credit hour multiplied by the number of credit hours per course. Courses are typically 3 credits but can range from 1-6 credits. Costs do not include savings opportunities like transfer credits and scholarships.

2. Resource fees encompass course textbooks and electronic materials, the University library, eBook collection, math labs, programming software, and the Centers for Math and Writing Excellence.

3. Total cost per course is the tuition cost per course plus the Resource Fee.

4. The academic year begins with the first eligible course of a degree program and ends when a student successfully completes the credits (24 credits) and weeks of instructional time requirements. A full listing of the University’s programmatic academic year definitions can be found in the[Consumer Information Guide](https://www.phoenix.edu/content/dam/edu/about/doc/consumer-information-guide.pdf). Note also that University of Phoenix does not have institutional charges related to room and board.

### Doctoral

**$2,430**  
Tuition cost per course1

**$205**  
Resource fee2

**$2,635**  
Total cost per course3

**$21,080**  
Estimated total cost per academic year4

1. Tuition cost per course is based on a tuition rate of $810 per credit hour multiplied by the number of credit hours per course. Courses are typically 3 credits but can range from 1-6 credits. Costs do not include savings opportunities like transfer credits and scholarships.

2. Resource fees encompass course textbooks and electronic materials, the University library, eBook collection, math labs, programming software, and the Centers for Math and Writing Excellence.

3. Total cost per course is the tuition cost per course plus the Resource Fee.

4. The academic year begins with the first eligible course of a degree program and ends when a student successfully completes the credits (24 credits) and weeks of instructional time requirements. A full listing of the University’s programmatic academic year definitions can be found in the[Consumer Information Guide](https://www.phoenix.edu/content/dam/edu/about/doc/consumer-information-guide.pdf). Note also that University of Phoenix does not have institutional charges related to room and board.

[Learn about Cost of Attendance (COA)](/tuition-financial-aid/cost-of-attendance.html)

- [Ways to save](https://www.phoenix.edu/cost-savings) | Learn how you can save money and get your degree faster with the Savings Explorer™ tool.

## Ready to get started?

Chat with an experienced advisor who can guide you through tuition, financial aid, scholarships, transfer credits and more.

[Request info](/request/request-information/)[Request info](/request/request-information/)
## Life & service experience

The following are a list of service and life credits. For education transfer credits, visit our[transfer credit page](/tuition-financial-aid/transfer-credits.html). 

- [Credit for military experience & training](/tuition-financial-aid/transfer-credits/military-experience.html) | Get your military experience evaluated for potential college credits, to save you time and money on your degree. Speak to an enrollment representative.

- [Make work and life experience count for college](/tuition-financial-aid/prior-learning-assessment.html) | Apply to have relevant non-military work and life experience evaluated toward potential college credits through our Prior Learning Assessment (PLA) process.

## Life after service

"When I was released from U.S. Army active duty, I dreamed of continuing my education. But school wasn’t an option. Then I found University of Phoenix."

[Read Dr. Horton's story](/blog/authors/patrick-horton.html)[Listen to Dr. Horton's podcast episode](/blog/alumni-chronicles/podcast/podcast-with-alumnus-dr-patrick-horton.html)
**Dr. Patrick Horton **BSIT 2008 | MBA 2009 | DM 2018 

## Life after service

"When I was released from U.S. Army active duty, I dreamed of continuing my education. But school wasn’t an option. Then I found University of Phoenix."

[Read Dr. Horton's story](/blog/authors/patrick-horton.html)
**Dr. Patrick Horton **BSIT 2008 | MBA 2009 | DM 2018 

Phoenixes in the workplace

Meet Gloria L., an alum whose journey from overcoming childhood illness to building a career as a nursing educator and end-of-life doula is deeply rooted in her Navajo heritage. Her education empowers her to bring love and light to her work, inspiring others through her unique path.

[Read Gloria's story](https://www.phoenix.edu/blog/alumna-gloria-littlemouse.html)
**Dr. Patrick Horton **BSIT 2008 | MBA 2009 | DM 2018 

Life after service

"When I was released from U.S. Army active duty, I dreamed of continuing my education. But school wasn’t an option. Then I found University of Phoenix."

[Read Dr. Horton's story](/blog/authors/patrick-horton.html)[Listen to Dr. Horton's podcast episode](/blog/alumni-chronicles/podcast/podcast-with-alumnus-dr-patrick-horton.html)
## Many resources. One shared goal.

Resources to help both active and veteran service members get the most from their education.

1. Service Members
2. Veterans
Service Members
> 
### Connected to the military community

University of Phoenix maintains relationships with Military Professional Associations to help association members and University of Phoenix students build community.

> 
### Mental wellness services

Through a national network of licensed providers, an organization called Give an Hour® offers free, confidential mental health services for military, veterans and their loved ones.  
 

[Learn about Give an Hour®](https://giveanhour.org/)
> 
### Career services

Access resources and tools at no additional cost to help you leverage your military skills and education in the civilian job market. **Get support from a career team beyond graduation.**

[Career services](/career-services.html)Veterans
> 
### Veteran resource center

If you're in the Phoenix, AZ area, connect with other veterans in a supportive environment designed for the military community to come together.

[Visit the center](/student-resources/veterans-resource-centers.html)
> 
### Certified to serve

We are certified as a Veteran Supportive Campus by the Arizona Department of Veterans' Services to help serve you.

> 
### Career services

Access resources and tools at no additional cost to help you leverage your military skills and education in the civilian job market. **Get support from a career team beyond graduation.**

[Career services](/career-services.html)
> 
### Connected to the military community

University of Phoenix maintains relationships with Military Professional Associations to help association members and University of Phoenix students build community.

> 
### Mental wellness services

Through a national network of licensed providers, an organization called Give an Hour® offers free, confidential mental health services for military, veterans and their loved ones.  
 

[Learn about Give an Hour®](https://giveanhour.org/)
> 
### Support for spouses and dependents

Providing a range of education options to the spouses and dependents of veterans. 

## General Education Mobile (GEM) program

### GEM for Airmen

University of Phoenix is part of the GEM program, offering general education courses approved by CCAF toward your Associate in Applied Science degree.

[Visit GEM](/military/ccaf-gem.html)
### CCAF associates

Apply your completed CCAF associates degree to an approved University of Phoenix program with 60 credits or less remaining to complete your bachelor’s degree.

[Visit AU-ABC](/military/benefits.html)
## Frequently asked questions

Expand AllCollapse All
### How can I use my veteran’s education benefits?

If you’re a veteran or a dependent, you may be able to cover tuition expenses or other costs as you attend school using your VA benefits. We’ve created a [three-step process](/military/veteran-benefits.html) to help answer your questions about military benefits.  

### Can I attend classes if I’m currently overseas?

Attend class online any time of the day or night, even while overseas. Online classes are always on — 24/7/365.

### How do you get military transcripts?

List your previous military experience on your application for admission and sign a transcript request form. We will request those military transcripts for you.

## Consumer information

The University makes available to students required consumer information in our Consumer Information Guide. This includes, but is not limited to important information about the university’s national cohort default rates, student borrowing, repayment information, and financial assistance available to students.

[Consumer Information Guide](https://www.phoenix.edu/content/dam/edu/about/doc/consumer-information-guide.pdf#CDR)