What is environmental science?

Protecting and preserving the environment involves examining, remediating and managing areas related to ecological integrity. Environmental science encompasses multiple strategies to manage natural resources, minimize harm and promote sustainable practices. This diverse field includes efforts in conservation, ecological restoration, climate adaptation, natural resource management and urban planning. Environmental scientists often engage with professionals from various fields to develop solutions that support the environment. Some of the main strategies for environmental protection are:

• Removing harmful substances and reducing air pollution
• Implementing reforestation and habitat restoration processes
• Creating more sustainable ways of doing business, such as in manufacturing and shipping
• Developing sustainable business practices, particularly in manufacturing, shipping and other industrial sectors
• Using sustainable materials in products and packaging
• Improving waste management and recycling processes
• Advancing alternative energy sources, such as solar, wind and hydroelectric power
• Conserving energy through more efficient technologies and practices

Policies and regulations play a key role in environmental protection. While policies may be voluntary and nonbinding, their effectiveness increases when they are linked to incentives or penalties.

These policies often inspire new laws at various levels — local, national and even global. Some regulations directly affect industries and businesses, setting standards to ensure environmental protection. Examples of environmental regulations in the U.S. include:

• The Clean Water Act
• The Clean Air Act
• The Endangered Species Act
• The Safe Drinking Water Act
• The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
• The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
• The Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act

Community-based environmental protection plays a role in addressing local environmental issues while promoting social equity. This approach often focuses on empowering communities, particularly marginalized groups, to act against environmental degradation and advocate for sustainable practices. Environmental justice seeks to ensure that all communities, regardless of their economic status or ethnicity, have equal protection from environmental hazards and access to resources.

Similarly, climate justice addresses the disproportionate impact of climate change on vulnerable populations, advocating for fair policies that help these communities adapt to and mitigate climate-related risks. By involving local communities in decision-making, these efforts aim to create a more just and sustainable future for all.

If you’re considering careers in this field, chances are you already have an interest in environment, but what else do you need to prepare for a role in this field?

Environmental science is a dynamic field that invites people from all backgrounds to help solve urgent global challenges like climate change and pollution, offering opportunities to have a role in the future of our planet. Environmental science comprises occupations that are both independent and team oriented. To be an environmental scientist, you need curiosity, problem-solving skills, and a passion for protecting the environment. The rewarding field combines scientific analysis, teamwork and creative thinking to address important challenges.

Some jobs require a bachelor’s degree in environmental science; others might require a master’s or doctoral degree (especially in leadership roles). It’s essential to have a well-rounded education with classes in biology, ecology and evolution, environmental laws and more. Other courses in STEM areas may also prove helpful.

Work environments vary depending on what job you choose to pursue. Many jobs in this field are with state or local governments, but there is a wide range of other work settings, including businesses, nonprofit organizations and academic institutions.

Some jobs involve fieldwork where you’ll need to be physically fit and able to handle adverse weather. Other jobs are in offices where you work closely with others and need to have excellent interpersonal skills. 

Internships or volunteer opportunities can help you gain relevant experience, especially in the beginning of your career. Licenses or certifications can also be advantageous and may be required for some job titles.

As of May 2023, environmental scientists and other specialists in this field earned between $48,580 and $133,660, with a median salary of $78,980, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

Salary ranges are not specific to students or graduates of University of Phoenix. Actual outcomes vary based on multiple factors, including prior work experience, geographic location and other factors specific to the individual. University of Phoenix does not guarantee employment, salary level or career advancement. BLS data is geographically based. Information for a specific state/city can be researched on the BLS website.